BALL METHOD
Process developed by Alice Ball in 1915 to make chaulmoogra oil injectable, used in the treatment of leprosy. It was the first truly effective method against the disease. Her work was wrongly attributed to a man after her death, perfectly illustrating the Matilda Effect.
CHAULMOOGRA
Oil extracted from the seeds of a tropical tree (Hydnocarpus wightiana), historically used to treat leprosy. Alice Ball succeeded in chemically transforming it to be able to inject it without pain or side effects.
LEPROSY
Chronic infectious disease, once incurable, that causes skin and nerve lesions. Long associated with social exclusion. Alice Ball's work enabled a truly effective treatment at the beginning of the 20th century.
MATILDA EFFECT
Sociological concept invented by Matilda Joslyn Gage describing the tendency to erase or minimize the contributions of women scientists in favor of their male colleagues. Alice Ball, Rosalind Franklin, and Lise Meitner are emblematic examples.
STEM
Acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Groups scientific and technical disciplines still dominated by men, where parity remains a global challenge.